Compare And Contrast The Modern Man And Ernest Hemingway

Times were changing in the 1900’s, Modernism was taking off and both men and woman were conforming and adapting to the new life. Hemingway and Elliot both had very distinct ideas about what the â€Å"modern† man, who he was and what he stood for. Ernest Hemingway was an outstanding American 20th century award winning novelist, military man and was most famous for his stories â€Å"A Farwell to Arms† and â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†. Hemingway was an amazing writer and served during WWI, however, his depression took his life in 1961 when he committed suicide. T.S. Elliot was born in St. Louis but moved to Europe and became a British citizen, Elliot wrote an assortment of pieces, but considered to be a great 20th century British poet. His most famous†¦show more content†¦Henry was heroic and masculine, but his life meant nothing and had no passion until his love with Catherine, he was just a man without a true life’s purpose. T.S. Elliot br ought another perspective to the â€Å"modern† man with his piece â€Å"The Love Song of Alfred Prufock†. This is a dramatic monologue about a frustrated man who wants to speak to a woman but cannot. â€Å"His internal monologue begins with the you and I, the two sides of Prufrocks personality, debating whether or not to confront a female. One side wants to believe in the possibility of a relationship with a woman; the other, doubts the possibility† (Hall Sweet 2). Elliot depicts the main character Prufock as the â€Å"modern† man, he middle aged, educated but unworthy of love and happiness. At first Prufock says there’s no rush then quickly realizes the he is getting older and that he isn’t worthy. Elliot conveys the modern man as insecure, unworthy and socially awkward. Prufock fails to make sense of his life; he fears judgment and rejection of being him. Throughout the poem no matter how much Prufock wanted to talk to the woman and long ed for the love, he didn’t because he feared the worst, rejection and ridicule. Both writers depicted the â€Å"modern† man lost without love, unsure of their path and meaning in and for life. Prior to love Hemingway thought of men as heroic and masculine but, also violent without the passion of love. Hemingway portrayed the violence in his characterShow MoreRelatedA Clean Well Lighted Place1202 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† In â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place†, Hemingway uses themes of depression and life as nothingness by using symbols, and imagery. Two waiters in a Spanish cafà © are waiting late one night for their last customer to leave. As they wait, they talk about the old, deaf man sitting at the bar. It is revealed that he has recently attempted suicide. The younger waiter in the cafà © is very agitated and wants the old man to go home. 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Quantitative vs Qualitative Research on which is Better

There has always been a discussion as to which method of study was better: quantitative, or qualitative. The quantitative approach focuses more on quantifying data and generalizing results from a sample to a population of interest. The use of quantitative methods is used for general features of a population and to measure the incidence of various views and opinions in a chosen sample. Qualitative methods are used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations. This type of method provides an insight into the setting of a problem. This can be used to generate ideas for later quantitative research. It is being argued that quantitative criminology is no longer required and this method is dead. To understand why people commit crimes, the best way to conclude this would be to switch to a more qualitative approach. Although this may be true in some cases, I do not completely agree with these two statements. I disagree with the statement about the quantitative approach being â€Å"dead,† however, I do agree with the statement about switching to a more qualitative approach to fully understand why people commit crimes. However, incorporating the quantitative approach and qualitative approach into one study will result in a thorough conclusion. This paper will explain the quantitative and qualitative approaches in research, discussing the positive and negative aspects of each approach, along with including how a combination of these approaches in a study will result in theShow MoreRelatedThe Learning Goals For A Professional Nurse987 Words   |  4 Pagescombination of personal fears and topics which are needed to improve my standing as a professional nurse. The first learning goal of this course is understanding the research process. This will be covered in module four of the course. 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The Development Bank of Singapore Limited Human Resource Report

Question: Human Resource Report on The Development Bank of Singapore Limited. Answer: Introduction The DBS Bank Limited is arguably the leading financial services provider in the Asian region, having its headquarters in Singapore (DBS Bank Ltd, 2016). According to the DBS Bank Ltd (2016), this multinational financial services group has over 280 branches spread across 18 markets. Furthermore, the corporation has in the recent years increased its presence in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Greater China. The organization was established in 1968 by the Government of Singapore with the objective of it taking over the industrial financing operations from the then Economic Development Board (Sufian Majid, 2007; National Library Board Singapore, 2016). Subsequently, DBS Bank Ltd (2014) points out that the company has market-dominant positions in asset management, consumer banking, debt and equity fund-raising, treasury and markets, and securities brokerages in Singapore. Incidentally, this report provides a proposal on the finance manager positions job design and analysis, recruitment a nd selection that the DBS Bank Limited can adopt to fulfil its staffing needs in view of its overall Project Management (PM) strategies. Job Analysis for the DBS Bank Limited Finance Manager Position According to the DBS Bank Ltd (2014), a considerable portion of the companys success is attributed to its high regard for its employees. The DBS Bank Ltd (2014) further observes that through the banks effective management strategies, it has managed to ensure that it puts value to its workforce. In fact, recruiting individuals based on their talent is the banks initial step of building a workforce that has facilitated the firm to achieve its project management strategies. Thereafter, the company imbues the recruited individuals with a sense of purpose, offers them with sufficient training, and encourages them to aim high when executing their duties and responsibilities in the organization. The DBS Bank Ltd (2014) explicates that in order to have a high competent workforce; the bank has focused on providing its employees with differentiated experiences, including rewards and recognition, work-life balance, and learning and development. Thus, it is arguable that due to its outstanding c ompetitive edge as a financial provider in Singapore and the Asian region as a whole, the DBS Bank Limited Human Resource (HR) department has put in place an efficient and effective job analysis mechanism for acquiring and retaining a highly talented workforce. Fundamentally, job analysis refers to the process of identifying and determining in detail the particular job requirements and duties as well as the relative significance of these duties for a specific job (Singh, 2008; Stanton et al., 2011; Sanchez Levine, 2012). On the other hand, Goffin et al (2011) describe job analysis as the process in which judgements are made concerning data collected on a job. Therefore, the job analysis for the finance manager position in DBS Bank Limited needs to involve a comprehensive identification and determination of the duties the individual will perform as well as the minimum requirements, both academic and professional experience, the person should have so as to occupy this position in the company. Overall, this identification and determination will generate the ideal job description and specification of the banks finance manager. Traditionally, some of the works performed by finance managers include managing and auditing the companys financial pe rformance, ensuring that the organization complies with the statutory financial regulations, developing and reviewing budgets as well as financial reports (Van Horne Wachowicz, 2008). Hence, it is suggested that when conducting a job analysis for the DBS Bank Limiteds finance manager position, the HR department will have to match the academic and professional experience of the candidate with the skills and requirements of performing the said conventional duties of finance managers. Ideally, the prospective finance manager must have at least a bachelors degree in financial management or related field and moreover, a minimum of five years experience working as a finance manager in a reputable company. Besides using the job analysis to develop the job description and job specification for the banks finance manager, it is recommended that the analysis should also be used for other purposes such as: determining the positions compensation, the training needs, performance review, and the selection procedures (Dowling, 2008; Jackson, Schuler Werner, 2011). Furthermore, it is suggested that the analysis should be conducted using the task inventories approach because, compared to the other methods, it is significantly cost-friendly and effective (Swanson, 2007). Essentially, the main aspects that the job analysis should entail include: duties and tasks, tools and equipment, requirements, relationships, and environment (Fine Getkate, 2014). Job Design for the DBS Bank Limited Finance manager Position Job design, according to Grant (2007), is a fundamental function of the Human Resource Management (HRM) that is related to the specification of methods, contents, and relationship of jobs within an organization so as to satisfy the organizational and technological requirements as well as the personal and social requirements of the individual holding a particular job. Moreover, the tenets of job design are mainly focused towards the manner in which the nature of a persons work influences their behaviour and attitudes at the workplace, especially relating to the characteristics such autonomy and skill autonomy. Often, the central aim of developing a job design is to enhance job satisfaction, to reduce employee problems such as absenteeism and grievances, to improve quality, and to expand through-put (Oldham Hackman, 2010). Thus, when developing the job design for the DBS Bank Limited finance manager, it is proposed that the HRM should emphasize on achieving the mentioned aims. Thus, t o ensure that the companys finance manager is sufficiently motivated to attain the objectives of the banks PM strategies, it is suggested that their job design is developed in a way that is consistent with five core job functions or dimensions: skill variety, task significance, feedback, autonomy, and task identity (Hackman Oldham, 1976). In the context of skill variety dimension, the DBS Bank Limited HR department need to ensure that the finance manager should be in a position to use a wide variety of skills. According to Hackman and Oldham (1976), individuals that have to use a broad range of skills and activities to complete a particular job find their job more satisfying. In regard with task identity dimension, Hackman and Oldham (1976) observe that the employees who engage in a job activity from the start to the end are more satisfied with their work. Hence, it is proposed that the DBS Bank Limited needs to design its finance manager job design in such a way that the holder of the position gets involved in an activity from its start to its eventual completion. Subsequently, empirical evidence demonstrates that the more times people are told about their performance, the more the probability of them being interested in doing a good job (Hackman Oldham, 1976). Therefore, the DBS Bank Limited needs to design the finance manager position in a manner where the holder will be reminded repeatedly about their performance; for example sharing the customer satisfaction scores. Incidentally, Hackman and Oldham (1976) point out that a job is more likely to satisfy people if they are involved in the decision-making process as opposed to being told what to do. Hence, this report recommends that the banks finance manager job design should be such that the holder of the position is capable of making and implementing decisions without undue or direct influence from other quarters of the organization. In the task significance dimension, Hackman and Oldham (1976) establish ed note that job have a higher degree of satisfaction if the people believe that their contribution makes a difference, and are tangible value to the organization, colleagues, or the larger community. Accordingly, it is opined that the DBS Bank Limited HR department should design the finance manager position in a manner that the holder feels that their job is important to the bank. Recruitment Strategies and its Implementation One of the main and important overall strategic objectives of the DBS Bank Limited is to attract and retain talent (DBS Bank Ltd, 2014). However, in the contemporary HRM practice, due to increased competition amongst and between various industry and market players in the economy, finding competent candidates to fill various job openings in an organization has been identified as one of the most difficult and time-consuming aspect of a firms HR function (Harzing Pinnington, 2010). Thus, Harzing and Pinnington (2010) opine that in order for companies to acquire and maintain a competitive advantage in terms of obtaining and retaining the best talent that can help them meet their strategic objectives, it is important that they use a mix of recruitment strategies and methods for their workforce. Moreover, the HR department of these organizations need to ensure that the recruitment strategies they use are objective and consistent. Therefore, when recruiting the DBS Bank Limited finance man ager, it is imperative that the HR department recognizes a recruitment strategy that is both cost-effective and less time-consuming. In other words, the HR department should identify and use a recruitment method or a mix of recruitment strategies that are efficient in helping the company acquire the best talent in the market. Accordingly, Price (2007) explicates that there are three main phases involved in any recruitment process: (i) development of the selection criteria for the position; (ii) selection of the recruitment methods; and (iii) development of the job posting. Thus, in recruiting the DBS Bank Limited finance manager, it is suggested that the HR department needs to consider and implement the mentioned three stages. The author further elucidates that there are several options available when selecting the recruitment method for a particular job in an organization. These methods include: internal recruitment, print, advertisements, internet recruiting, and the use of recruitment agencies. However, for the purpose of ensuring that the recruitment process in the bank is significantly efficient in terms of cost and time, this report recommends the utilization of the internal recruitment method by the banks HR department for the position of the finance manager. Overall, this recruitment method provid es the banks current employees as well as volunteers an opportunity to apply for the open job position. Boxall Purcell (2011) assert that the strategy is closely linked to career development and succession planning. Incidentally, if implemented appropriately, this recruitment approach has a potential of yielding the DBS Bank Limited several benefits. First, the management of the company already has a good idea about the capability of the employees. Second, this approach provides the bank with an opportunity to reward the volunteers or employees for their past performance. Third, the recruitment strategy retains the banks investment in the employee or volunteer, especially if such employees have been trained by the company. Fourth, the approach reduces the amount of time required to orient the holder of the position in the company. Finally, the recruitment method minimizes the costs and time involved in the recruitment process. Nevertheless, to mitigate the potential drawbacks invol ved in the isolated use of the internal recruitment process, this report proposes that the HR department should also consider using a mix of the other methods of recruitment that have been mentioned in the preceding discourse. However, the choice of the mix has to take into account the efficiency of the approaches in terms of cost and time. Furthermore, it is proposed that the implementation of the recruitment should only involve senior members of the company because the position in question is relatively on the top part of the banks organizational structure. Selection Strategies and its Implementation As pointed out earlier, hiring the right people is critical to any business. However, the process of selecting the ideal candidates who have applied for the job opening is never easy due to a number of reasons (Daley, 2006). These reasons include the position attracting a large number of applicants, limited time to identify the appropriate candidate, and the majority of the applicants having the same or almost equivalent requirements needed by the subject job vacancy. Thus, to mitigate some of these selection challenges, Armstrong and Taylor (2014) explicate that the HR department should always consider using a combination of strategies that would enable the organization identify and hire the right people who will facilitate the overall attainment of the organizations objectives. Nevertheless, besides ensuring that the selection process filters the candidates and identifies the ideal candidate or candidates for the job opening, the HR department need also to factor in the issue of di versity. The implication of this consideration is that the HR department has to make a balance between performance and diversity within the organization. According to Shore et al. (2009) and Avery (2011), diversity in organization has been found to be crucial in promoting a companys reputation and brand in the market. One way of achieving diversity is through hiring a diverse workforce. Therefore, when selecting the DBS Bank Limited finance manager, a significant emphasis needs to be put on hiring an individual who will help the bank attain its diversity objective. Nevertheless, this selection should as well ensure that there is appropriate balance between the performance level of the candidate and their diverse contribution to the organization so as to avoid a possible trade-off of a highly performing potential holder of the position. Fundamentally, there are two main types of selection strategies: single stage and multistage selection (Gatewood, Feild Barrick, 2015). The authors observe that in most instances, multistage selection strategy has been identified to be more effective than the single stage approach in hiring the best talents because it strikes an important balance between hiring a diverse workforce and high performers. Thus, this report recommends the use of multistage selection in the selection of the DBS Bank Limited finance manager. Further, to implement this method effectively, the HR department need to consider at least three parameters: Knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes (KSAOs), logistical challenges, and cost as well as time. Conclusion The DBS Bank Limited is arguably one of the leading financial service provider in Singapore and the entire Asian region. Thus, when hiring its financial manager, it is important that its HR department develops and implements an appropriate job analysis and job design that would enable the company in identifying and selecting the best candidate that would add value to the company. It is suggested that the banks HR department should focus on using the ideal recruitment and selection strategies for this position by ensuring that the approaches are both cost-effective and less time-consuming. Overall, from the preceding discourse, this report concludes that the effective implementation of the identified approaches would add value to the DBS Bank Limited by reducing the possible loss of time and money in recruiting and selecting the firms finance manager. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. London, UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Avery, D. R. (2011). Support for diversity in organizations A theoretical exploration of its origins and offshoots. Organizational Psychology Review, 1(3), 239-256. Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2011). Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. Daley, D. M. (2006). Strategic human resource management. Public Personnel Management. Current concerns, future challenges, 5, 120-134. DBS Bank Ltd (2014).About DBS Bank Asias Safest Bank - Singapores Bank of Choice. Retrieved 11 June 2016, DBS Bank Ltd (2016). DBS Bank - The Development Bank of Singapore Limited. Retrieved 11 June 2016, Dowling, P. (2008). International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Boston, MA:Cengage Learning. Fine, S. A., Getkate, M. (2014). Benchmark tasks for job analysis: A guide for functional job analysis (FJA) scales. Oxfordshire, UK: Psychology Press. Gatewood, R., Feild, H., Barrick, M. (2015). Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Goffin, R. D., Rothstein, M. G., Rieder, M. J., Poole, A., Krajewski, H. T., Powell, D. M., ... Mestdagh, T. (2011). Choosing job-related personality traits: Developing valid personality-oriented job analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 646-651. Grant, A. M. (2007). Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 393-417. Hackman, J. R., Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance, 16(2), 250-279. Harzing, A. W., Pinnington, A. (Eds.). (2010). International human resource management. Sage. Jackson, S., Schuler, R., Werner, S. (2011). Managing human resources. Cengage Learning.n.

Special K Case Essay Example

Special K Case Paper Kellogg is a U. S. company, which offers the Special k cereal and accompanying products (cereals in different flavors as well as granola bars and protein shakes) that are healthier options for people who are aware of their diet and want a better lifestyle. Kellogg expands the market by targeting women who skip breakfast to stay slim. The marketing strategy helps to position the brand as a healthy alternative. The commercials we chose offer a weight management plan designed to lose weight in 2 weeks by consuming Special K products. The commercials chosen are both from the same campaign and the same year- 2009. In this report we have taken into consideration different international advertising factors to show Kellogg’s international advertising strategy. In this report we used several factors of international ad models to determine that Kellogg uses a hybrid international marketing strategy. Hybrid Advertising Strategy see table 1 Based on the environmental analysis below, we concluded that Kellogg’s uses a hybrid strategy known as pattern advertising (1). We considered these environmental factors: †¢Political and legal: Kellogg uses a global approach because both countries have similar advertising regulations; therefore, there is no need for diversification. †¢Economic: Kellogg’s uses a global approach because both ads target the same market consisting of middle and upper class working women who have a similar income, age, and knowledge of healthy lifestyle. †¢Sociocultural: Kellogg’s uses a local approach because in the American advertisement the idea of time and logic is very important. We will write a custom essay sample on Special K Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Special K Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Special K Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In contrast, in the Mexican advertisement Kellogg appeals to emotions and the idea of personal satisfaction. †¢Technological: Kellogg’s uses a global approach because they are aware that their target markets, who are middle to upper class working women, have the technology (television, internet) to see the commercials. Creative Execution see table 1 Creative execution, or the manner in which ads are carried out and presented, is different for U. S. and Mexican ads. The impact of the message depends not only on what is said but also on how it is said in these ads (2). Messages are presented in a mix of different execution styles: †¢Straight sell: is presented in both ads. Here, the straight sell relies on the specific benefits/attributes of the product-the target audience can lose 3 kilos in 2 weeks (Mexico)/6 lbs in 2 weeks (U. S. ) with the help of Special K products. Both ads show that by buying Special K products, the target audience will enjoy the reward of weight loss. †¢Rational vs. emotional argument: the rational argument, or the supporting claim, is presented in the U. S. ad by stating that loosing weight will lead to the â€Å"healthier new you. This is because in the U. S. the rational argument appeals to the monochromatic culture with low power distance like U. S. On the other hand, the emotional appeal is demonstrated in the Mexican ad when it shows the woman feeling great about herself. The emotional appeals to collectivistic cultures with high power distance like Mexico. †¢Demonstration: the actual use is seen only in the Mexican ad because Mexico is a collectivistic culture heavily relying on the opinion of family, friends, etc. so therefore the target audience is able to connect with the woman eating and enjoying the Special K cereals. High-context cultures, like Mexico, are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative. Therefore, women in Mexico need to relate to the everyday situation when using Special K products. Americans rely on reason and individualism and therefore they don’t have the need to connect with the woman in the ad. †¢Slice of life: both ads portray a real-life situation involving a problem-not being able to fit into jeans- and then both ads focus on how to resolve the problem by eating Special K, losing weight, and finally fitting into those jeans again. The slice of life is effective for everyday products such as cereals that consumers feel good about if they see real people buy and use them. †¢Dramatization: it is used in the Mexican ad where there is a scenario in the form of a story- bad shopping experience and not being able to fit in your regular size-and the problem solution-eating special K products and losing weight. The reason for dramatization is that Mexico uses emotional/dramatic appeal in the advertising. On the other hand, U. S. commercials rely on the rational/lecture appeal. Also, Mexico is a high context culture meaning that they use more dramatizations in commercials while they do not have to use many words to explain the situation. In contrast, U. S. is a low context culture, so ads are based on words and explanations. †¢Personality symbol: there is a central character (woman) that the audience can identify with in both ads. Special K is positioned as a cereal for adults, targeted to women and their ongoing concern with losing weight that is heavily influenced by popular culture in both Mexico and U. S. Humor: humor is used in Mexican ad when the woman tries to fit into jeans in the dressing room while her husband waits, and then she dances around when she is finally able to fit her jeans. The commercial is targeted to women, who can relate to main character because they think about the times when they tried to fit into jeans in the dressing room, and therefore they get the joke. As stated previously, the Mexican ad is appealing to women’s emotions and this is accomplished with the help of humor. †¢Lifestyle: how well a product fits in consumer’s lifestyle is presented in both ads. Both ads show how easy it is to integrate Special K products into their lifestyle and lose weight. Special K ads are targeted towards working, middle class women, who do not have time to prepare difficult healthy meals, and therefore they can grab Special K cereal in the morning and pack healthy snacks for the whole day without any special, lengthy preparation. Advertising appeal see table 1 Both advertisements have an emotional appeal to their consumers, but the appeals are presented in different manners (1). Both advertisements present the issue of weight loss and women struggling to fit into their clothes. The American advertisement shows a woman trying on her jeans next to a dryer giving the impression that because she put her jeans in the dryer and they shrunk and won’t fit. Then it presents a clock, which indicates that it’s time to lose weight. Americans are very concerned with time, and the idea of losing 6 pounds or a jean size in 2 weeks can be very appealing to the American woman. In the Mexican advertisement, the advertisement involves the sense of personal satisfaction. A woman can be seen in a dressing room trying on many different garments that don’t fit her correctly while outside the dressing room a man is waiting impatiently for her. The commercial explains that no matter what, women will always have a reason to take their time. The advertisement encourages them to accept the challenge and gives them a chance to be able to win a full day of shopping. The commercial also says they can debut a new figure in new clothes. The Mexican advertisement not only has to appeal to the fact that women will lose 3 kilos in 2 weeks, but they can also win new clothes. Message see table 1 The American Special K advertisement claims that you will lose 6 pounds in 2 weeks if you take the Special K Challenge. The Special K Challenge requires you to eat their cereal and other snacks and follow the diet plan they give you. If you do this, you will lose weight. They claim that if you lose this weight, your clothes will fit you better and you will be much healthier. The Mexican Special K advertisement claims that if you use the Special K Program, you will lose 3 kilos in 2 weeks. If you use this program to lose weight, you will look better in your clothes. Also, if you buy Special K products, you will have a chance to win a new wardrobe that will flatter your new figure. Copy/ copywriters see table 1 Both ads use copywriters to communicate what the product is intended for and what it is supposed to do. In the American advertisements, they advertise the Special K challenge while in the Mexican ad they advertise the Special K program (programa de special K). Both ads in different words refer to the same thing, but are not copied from English to Spanish. Also, the slogan of the Mexican add is †because you can† (porque tu puedes) while the one in America is â€Å"It’s never too late to start a healthier new you† they both appeal to a slimmer healthier life, but again are interpreted and not presented with the exact translation. Neither of the ads present slang terms, but the American ad does present the term â€Å"wake up call† which for American means the time to change something, but in the Mexican society such idiom does not mean anything. Target market appeal see table 1 Number of people in ad: The Mexican ad reflects the collectivist culture by having many people in it. It is very busy, with many people in line and husbands waiting for their wives. The American ad, on the other hand, shows only one person, therefore appealing to the individualistic aspect of American culture. †¢Masculine values: Both countries have a masculine culture, but the difference is that the Mexican ad reflects on the competitive aspect, and the American ad reflects on the individual achievement aspect. Risk: Mexico is much more risk averse than the United States, so the Mexican ad backs the product with a promise of winning a shopping spree. The American ad just states that you can lose weight, therefore making you take the risk of purchasing the product for a vague reason. †¢US product: Mexico has an overall positive attitude towards the United States, and therefore like American products. Therefore, The Special K brand is portrayed very similar in both advertisements. †¢Availability of time: The product is a convenient and quick meal, so it appeals to people that are in a hurry. The product is portrayed in a similar manner in both advertisements. †¢Independence of media from government control: Both countries have limited government control of broadcast television, so the company is able to freely express themselves in the ads, taking into account cultural factors. †¢Relative importance of visual versus verbal in a message: Both cultures rely on visuals to portray a message and appeal to people. The ads both use imagery (i. e. more red in the Mexican commercial, minimalism in American) to appeal to the target market. The American ad, however, relies on verbal delivery to get the message to the viewers. †¢Importance of self-service retailing: In both cultures self service retailing plays an important role for the deliverance of products to the population. Both ads expect the customer to purchase the product at their local grocery store. †¢Development and acceptance of international trademark or trade name: Red, which is used for the theme color of Special K, is important in Mexican culture. The Mexican commercial underlines the red color, using it more than the American ad. Also, Special K does not mean anything bad in Mexico, so the name is acceptable. †¢Applicability of products’ theme or slogan to other markets: Both slogans are different, but they imply the same thing. Both slogans are geared to appeal to the culture. Global media decisions see table 1 Both ads are television ads that implement sight, sound, motion, and color. Television advertising is intrusive in nature meaning that the viewer doesnt have to be actively involved to receive message. Special K is targeted towards middle-class working women and therefore both Mexican and U. S. ds run on television in the morning when women usually turn on the TV while preparing breakfast and in the evening while preparing dinner. The reason for this is the intrusive nature of TV advertising. Special K commercials also run on TV during the TV programs targeted to women. Advertising Objectives see table 1 Both Mexican and U. S. ads are hybrid of persuasive an informative advertising. The pe rsuasive advertising motivates users to take action in the form a lifestyle change with the help of Special K products. There is an ongoing issue of weight loss presented in both ads and solution to lose weight. An informative advertisement communicates to create and build brand awareness by positioning Special K products as a cereal for adults that fits into working woman’s lifestyle. It informs the audience about the benefits (weight loss, healthier lifestyle) of the product. Big Idea see table 1 If your clothes are feeling tight, then you should eat Special K to be able to fit into them again. The big idea of both of these advertisements is that this product is a tasty, easy way to lose weight. This definitely appeals to many people who want to lose weight but do not have a lot of time. Also, they have many different Special K products so that the people who are trying to lose weight will have a lot of variety in the food they eat. In the Mexican ad you also have a chance to win a new wardrobe that will fit your new figure. Push/pull strategy see table 1 Both the American and Mexican advertisements use a pull strategy. Kellogg assumes that the target market has knowledge of the product. The ad’s wording them to try Special K and see for themselves that the product will help to lose weight, thus creating demand for the product. The customer will subsequently go to their retailer in search of the product. The ads encourage women to take the â€Å"special k challenge† and lose 6 pounds in 2 weeks. The Mexican ad also offers a free shopping spree for women that can fit into a specific red dress after the challenge. These challenges and offers make women look for the product at their local store. Table 1 Factor/ CountryUnited StatesMexico Hybrid advertising strategyPoliticalGlobal TechnologyGlobal EconomicalGlobal Socio-culturalLocal Creative executionStraight sellyesyes Rational/ motional argumentRationalEmotional demonstrationnoyes Slice of lifeyesyes dramatizationnoyes Personality symbolyesyes Humornoyes lifestyleyesyes Advertising appealyesyes MessagePromisesLosing 6 pounds in 2 weeks. Losing 3 kilos in 2 weeks. Benefit/ claimClothes will fit better and consumer will be healthier. Clothes will fit better and consumer will have a chance to win new clothes. Copy/copywriteCopywriteCopywrite Target marke t appeal# of people in ad 1 character-IndividualismMultiple characters-Collectivism Masculine valuesMasculine-individual achievementMasculine-competitive RiskMore risky-no promise behind Less risky-win shopping spree U. S. productAmerican is goodAmerican is good Availability of TimeLimited-convenientLimited-convenient Independence of media from government controlYes-choiceYes-choice Visual v. Verbal in messageVerbal-minimalisticVisual-dramatization Importance of self-service retailingPeople know where to buyPeople know where to buy Development and acceptance of international trademark Kellogg known Kellogg known Applicability of product’s theme or sloganVisible in adVisible in ad Global media decision Television advertisement-short commercialTelevision advertisement-short commercial Advertising objectivesHybrid of persuasive and informativeHybrid of persuasive and informative Big ideaFlavorful and convenient way of losing weight. Flavorful and convenient way of losing weight. Pull strategyKnown to target marketKnown to target market Works Cited 1. Keegan, Warren J. , and Mark C. Green. Global Marketing. 6th. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. , 2011. Print. 2. Lakdawala, Ali. Advertising Messages. Scribd. Scribd Inc. , 2011. Web. 29 Nov 2011. .

Love Canal Essay Example

Love Canal Essay Example Love Canal Essay Love Canal Essay The case of Love Canal is one of the most tragic and well-known instances of environmental injustice in the history of the United States. Historically, blame has been placed upon the company that has since been held legally responsible for the wastes present in the area. Once one dives deeper into the issue, however, it can be seen that there are various deceptions that lie underneath what the media has reported regarding the disaster. In addition to discovering where true liability for the disaster lays, this can lead to developing strategies within the country to guarantee that this type of disaster does not happen again. Ironically enough, this disaster began with a dream for a better future. In the late 1800’s, William T. Love, a wealthy businessman at the time, had a dream to build a model industrial city in his hometown of Niagara Falls. He wanted to provide the city with a source of cheap power, so he decided that he would dig a canal to connect the upper and lower banks of the Niagara River, to provide space for a hydroelectric power plant. Unfortunately, an economic downturn caused abandonment of the project, and only about one mile of the canal was ever dug. From 1920 to 1943, the city of Niagara Falls used the small amount of canal as a municipal waste dumpsite. In 1943, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Company bought the canal, and began dumping toxic waste chemicals into the water in big chemical drum containers. They continued to pollute there until 1953, when they filled the canal with earth and sold it to the city of Niagara Falls for just one dollar. The city built one hundred new residential homes and a public school there. When residents began occupying the houses, they were oblivious to the toxic chemicals that were buried underneath the ground right in their backyards and directly underneath the school that their children attended. Eventually, the chemicals rotted entirely through the drum containers, and began leaching into backyards, basements, and even the school’s lower floor. Then the inexplicable increase in illnesses began. By the 1970’s, there was a massive rate of birth defects (5 of the 24 children born had defects), miscarriages (50%), and congenital defects being found in the residents of the town and their children (Regenstein). Children who attended the public school were becoming very ill with symptoms stemming from neurological problems, some of which the doctors even had a hard time diagnosing. One housewife of the town, Lois Gibbs, began noticing that her 7-year-old son was coming home from school sick more than ever before, and discovered that he had developed symptoms while at school. She began doing research on the area, and discovered the Love Canal’s past. She pleaded for the city to evacuate residents. Although ignored by officials, she drew up quite a large base of supporters, many people also noticing that their children had become ill since they began attending the school. Eventually, after many cases of illnesses and much public opposition, the city began evacuating young children first, and then families who lived in the residential houses. The media found Lois Gibb’s story very appealing. They followed her journey from starting as a housewife in a small town in New York State to becoming an outspoken leader for a movement to hold the Hooker Chemical Company responsible for what had happened there two decades before. She felt that the Hooker Chemical Company should be liable for cleaning up the site and reimbursing families who had been affected by the pollution. Although Lois Gibbs shared an opinion with many people, there was just not enough concrete evidence to convict the company of being responsible. One person that found Gibb’s story worthy of public attention was Michael Brown, who wrote a book called Laying Waste: The Poisoning of America by Toxic Chemicals, in which he laid all blame directly on the Hooker Chemical Company for the disaster. This book was adopted as the true story by most media outlets, so naturally the public was convinced that the company was to blame and no one else. As public knowledge increased due to Lois Gibb’s efforts, remediation became much more important. On August 7th, 1978, President Jimmy Carter approved emergency government aid for the area, which was the first time government funds were used for a disaster that was not considered to be â€Å"natural. † This funding became the Environmental Protection Agency’s Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, also known as the â€Å"Superfund† program. Over one hundred million dollars was used to clean up the canal. Efforts finally concluded in 2004, when the land was considered safe to once again live on. Residents have begun to fill the newly-renovated residential homes in the town that they have now officially renamed the Black Creek Village. With the case of Love Canal comes controversy over who is fully to blame for the issues at hand. Historically, the blame has been placed on the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Company because they were the company that was actively dumping toxic chemicals in the abandoned canal. Also, many people such as Lois Gibbs and her supporters) believe that the company sold the land for such a cheap price because they knew that there would be detrimental effects on the environment and human health due to the wastes. The government took this position on the matter as well. The U. S. Department of Justice, who acted for the Environmental Protection Agency, sued the company by filing four suits against it and its parent corporation, the Occidental Petroleum Corporation. The four suits requested that the company have to clean up the four sites in Niagara Falls that posed a danger to residents of the region. After the case went to trial, it became clear that even the Judicial System agreed that Hooker Chemical Company was responsible for the damages that resulted from the dumping. The New York Times published an article on February 24, 1988 that was considered a great victory for those who viewed the situation as the Hooker Company’s fault. The article described the rulings of the federal trial against the Occidental Petroleum Corporation. John T. Curtin, the active judge on the case, ruled that the company was liable for the damages under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980. The judge also states that in addition to being responsible for the production and dumping of the wastes, they also stored the wastes in dangerous ways that would eventually lead to leaching straight through the storage drums. With this ruling, however, one has to ask why the U. S. Regulatory System would approve the company’s disposal techniques. It is also important to ask whether or not the chemicals would have actually leached if they were not disturbed by the construction vehicles that most likely punctured the drum containers. The issue of repayment was not settled in the trial, although the government was asking for $117,580,000 to replace the money that they had spent. This problem was not settled until June 1989. On the morning of June 1, 1989, Thomas C. Jorling, Commissioner at the time of the New York State Department of Conservation, issued a public news release to announce that the Occidental Petroleum Corporation had signed a consent order for the storage and destruction of the wastes from the Love Canal cleanup. This was the company’s first acknowledgement and acceptance of responsibility for the cleanup efforts. This was also a landmark agreement because the cleanup had previously been performed by government agencies, funded by taxpayers’ money. This was the first case that bound a company to pay for clean-up funds, rather than making taxpayers cover the costs. The agreement saved taxpayers more than $20 million that would have been used for construction, operating, and engineering costs. The company agreed to transport the chemicals that were brought up from the ground to their plant in Niagara Falls, store them in a newly renovated and safe storage building, and burn them in an incinerator that was set to be built at the plant. Although in signing this consent order the company assumed responsibility, they still fought to ensure that they were not legally liable for the damages and public health effects of the wastes present in the canal. At this point, many people were pleased with the fact that the Hooker company was being held responsible for what they had done. A various perspective on the issue, however, can be seen in an article titled â€Å"Love Canal: The Truth Seeps Out,† written by a long-time contributor of Reason magazine, Eric Zuesse, that was published in the February 1981 issue of the magazine. In the article, Zuesse states that the Niagara Falls Board of Education is the party that should be taken to court by the Justice Department. He believes that â€Å"hardly ever has there been a more blatant example of Big Brother successfully hiding the skeletons in his closet or of a gullible investigative reporter and compliant media going along with the cover-up so that a bunch of bureaucrats can pass the buck to some bewildered private interest. He suggests that the case of Love Canal is an example of government keeping secrets from public knowledge so as to keep the real persons responsible safe and punish and destroy private interest corporations who are easily blamed for the problem. A â€Å"gullible investigative reporter† is Zuesse’s referral to Brown and his book that was adopted by the media. Zuesse states that his first indication that the true story was not being told was that there was little mention of the fact that the Board of Education had owned the l and for 25 years prior to all of the uncovering of the land’s past usages. He began doing research, and found the deed that was used in the transfer of property. There is a clause at the end of the deed that contains this statement: †¦ The grantee herein has been advised by the grantor that the premises above described has been filled †¦ with waste products resulting from the manufacturing of chemicals by the grantor †¦ and the grantee assumes all risk and liability incident to the use thereof †¦ As a part of the consideration for this conveyance and as a condition thereof, no claim, suit, or action or demand f any nature whatsoever shall be made by the grantee †¦ against the grantor, for injury to a person or persons, including death resulting there from, or loss of or damage to property caused by †¦ said industrial wastes. (1) In this excerpt from the deed, it is shown that the Hooker Company had warned the Board of Education of the risks associated with development and use of the land that was being sold to them. Also, they transferred all legal liability to the Board of Education for any property loss, injuries, or deaths resulting from the use of the land. The fact that the Board of Education still agreed to buy this land, and then additionally decided to build a public school on it, cannot be overlooked in the issue of who is to blame for the destruction at Love Canal. Zuesse also believes that although at first it seems that the Hooker Company was anxious to rid themselves of the land, it can be interpreted that they were giving a clear warning to not only the Board of Education but to all future owners of the land that it is a dangerous place to develop on. Zuesse states that it is tough to attribute this fact to the â€Å"reckless and negligent attitude† that the media was characterizing the company as having, which could be why it was overlooked by the general public. Zuesse also tried to contact various former members of the Board of Education that were involved in the purchase of the land, and not one of them would comment on the matter. They either hung up on him or ignored the situation completely. One member just said that â€Å"it’s better to let sleeping dogs lie,† and commented that the Board had no legal liability. This is obviously false when you take a look at the deed itself. The Hooker Company did not want any of this to happen. They wanted the land to be left alone, or sold to someone who would take care of the problem. Zuesse has some concrete evidence to support the claim that although the Hooker Chemical Company may have been responsible for the chemicals, the Board of Education can be seen as the real perpetrator for building on land that they knew was not suitable for a residential area, and especially not for a school which young children attended. The Board put their residents in danger by ignoring the various warnings they were provided with. With all of this information, the question must be asked as to whether the Justice Department was right in bringing a lawsuit against the company. Obviously, the company was easiest to blame for the disaster. Also, families who were affected by Love Canal were so distraught that they couldn’t fully comprehend the fact that there may have been other factors that contributed. In New York State, it is illegal to transfer legal liability for land between parties, so technically it was acceptable for the Justice Department to bring the Hooker Company to court. However, it should be stated that in addition to punishing the company, they should also bring the Board to court and try them for negligence. This case is especially relevant still today because since the U. S. Regulatory System knew this practice was going on and still approved it, there could be many other sites in the same situation as Love Canal just waiting to be uncovered. Because of this, new policies need to be enacted. First of all, there needs to be new standards of what constitutes a safe way of disposing of these harsh chemicals. Of course, this dumping began in the 1950’s, and since then we have adopted stricter rules on the matter, but companies continue to work around them, still dumping chemicals in waterways to this day. Also, there needs to be a citizen right to know policy enacted, in which citizens have the right to knowledge regarding all pollutants and chemicals that they come into contact with throughout their daily lives. Perhaps if the Love Canal residents had known exactly what chemicals were present there, they would have demanded better standards for the land that they lived on and they would have demanded that the remediation be performed sooner, before they all came down with strange symptoms. Sometimes in our society, horrible circumstances have to take place in order to improve our standards of living. Sadly, the Love Canal tragedy occurred because basic human rights were overlooked in order to make a prosperous city. However, we can extract lessons from this to guarantee that it does not happen again. â€Å"A Judge Orders Company to Pay Love Canal Cost. † (Metropolitan Desk). New York Times. 24 Feb 1988. New York State Newspapers. Web. 13 Nov 2009. Jorling, Thomas. â€Å"Occidental Chemical Signs Consent Order for Storage and Destruction of Love Canal Wastes. † EPA Press Release (1989). Web. 11 Nov 2009. Regenstein, Lewis. America the Poisoned. Illustrated ed. Washington, D. C. : Acropolis Books Ltd. , 1982. Print. Zuesse, Eric. â€Å"Love Canal: The Truth Seeps Out. † Reason Magazine Feb 1981: 16-33. Web. 11 Nov 2009.

Research Paper on Poor Organizational Communication

Research Paper on Poor Organizational Communication Example Research Paper on Poor Organizational Communication: Executive Summary Broadways Production Limited has failed over the five-years of its operations to compete with similar companies in the market. In the endeavor to identify the root of the problem, I conducted a study that narrowed down to the problem of communication between and amongst the company’s departments. Lack of a department of communication in the company has facilitated to poor and very little communication between and amongst departments, thus triggering division among the staff and consequent demoralization as well as poor production and distribution. Establishment of an effective structure of communication should play a very significant role in enhancing the company’s productivity as well as improved distribution, thus enabling the company to have an equal platform in competing with its competitors. With establishment of a department of communication with the necessary human and material resources, the company is able to enhance the day-to-day activities, thus creating a prosperous future for the company. Definition of the Problem Among the most central aspects of any organization is communication. Baker has observed that traditionally, managers spent majority of their time within organizations dealing with one aspect of communication or another. The success of any organization has much to do with the effective of its communication. However, in the contemporary society, the service workers of many organizations have exceeded production workers, thus communication has become more central to them than among the managers. The production process cannot be successful without effective collaboration between and amongst the various departments of an organization. Team work is central between and amongst diversified functional levels, and it can only be enhanced if an organization has an effective system of communication (Baker, 2002, p. 1). Moreover, the world is experiencing numerous changes in communication technologies, thus triggering a dire need for all organizations to update their system to enable them stand-o ut in the competitive global market. The greatest problem in Broadways Production Limited is poor communication in terms of quantity and quality of communication. As observed earlier on, communication is very central for the success of any organization, thus lack of it or having too minimal communication between departments Means that some departs are acting without sufficient information. Broadways is a bread manufacturing company, with about seven hundred employees, and based in Macau City in China. The company supplies bread to regions such as Hong Kong, Jinan, Jiulong, Lanzhou, Macau, Nanjing, Qingdao, Shenyang, and Shanghai among other cities and towns. The company has a number of departments, including management, transportation, distribution, human resource, storage and warehouse, and intellectual technology. Thus, the company lacks one of the most central departments of an organization, the communication department, which facilitated to very poor inter-departmental communication. Broadways Production Limited has three major problems, which have hindered the success of the company: Poor production, poor distribution and demoralized employees. These problems have their roots in the poor communication between and amongst the various departments of the organization. Lack of a communication department in the company has facilitated to inadequate communication, consequently poor production, poor distribution and demoralization of the organization’s staff. In any organization, there is a need of the right hand to be aware of what the left hand is doing. Often, the management of the organization makes decisions regarding the employees, without bothering to seek their opinions on the subject matter and only communicates through memos on notice boards or during the monthly briefings of the new rules and regulations. Moreover, a department can implement a policy and without making the necessary consultation with the other departmental head proceed to implementati on, thus triggering pronounced challenges for those departments. Lack of teamwork between departments has facilitated to company incurrence of numerous losses, and it seems the management has been doing very little to establish a cohesive communication system. Sometimes, departmental heads discusses issues with some other departments’ members without much involvement of the leaders of those departments, and proceeding to implementation without seeking the position of those heads; often, the leaders are just reported to of decisions already made with little or no provision of alterations. For example, the transportation department might require a driver to go for wheat in a certain region while the management might require the same driver to transport one of the managers into a certain meeting, thus triggering departmental conflicts, because the manager’s decision overrides the departmental decision. Personnel Interview To evaluate the intensity of communication problem in the organization, the researcher interviewed six employees from each of the company’s department and observed that indeed, the inter-departmental communication problem is more pronounced than it seems to appear on the surface. 1. From the communication department, their greatest challenge was plans which are made by the company’s management and for them they are just required to implement those plans. Such makes the department management very tricky because they are never sure when the management will override the plan and impose theirs. 2. Human resource department observed that sometimes a department can decide to fire an employee without submission of a clear report on what anomalies led to such a decision. 3. There is no very clear structure on how the company finances should be released: Sometimes, the CEO might decide to ask for certain amount of money for activities not related to the company, with minimal accounting for the money and without following the established protocols. 4. Not once has the storage and warehouse department received goods from production department without enough notice to prepare for space, thus causing mayhem when such deliveries are done. All the organization interviewees observed that the organization needs to establish a communication department and a clear structure on how to communicate with other departments, because the contemporary system has terribly failed the company. Proposed Solutions and Recommendations Chen (2008) has observed that â€Å"Excellent internal/employee communication is essential in any organization if it is to survive and thrive. As a management tool, it helps identify, establish, and maintain relationships between an organization’s management and its employees† (p. 167). The existing research has posted that having an effective employee communication facilitates to the building of satisfactory employee-organization relationship, consequently increasing public relations and communication functions values to the organization in question. Diversified studies have also identified a correlation between the employees’ rating of the communication of their managers and profitability of business unit (Grunig, et al., 2002; Gray, 2005, p. 15). Thus, the performance of any organization is associated with the effectiveness of the organization’s communication system. To facilitate effective inter-departmental communication, Broadways needs to start with the most basic aspect: Establish a department of communication. A department of communication in organization facilitates the entire company’s communication activities (Chen, 2008, p. 1-2). The department of communication should operate an established protocol on what needs first priority in when it comes to implementation of diversified activities from various departments. For example, if the drafters of the structure are to rule that the decision of the CEO needs a confirmation from the board members prior to implementation, then it should be clearly communicated to the departments and the channel to be followed in communicating any message. For example, before a departmental head decides to fire an employee, the issue should be communicated to the human resource department through the communication department to facilitate appropriate procedure of dealing with the employees. Equally important is to establish a system of giving feedbacks to all communication. For example, the transportation department should not just be required by the marketing department to transport goods, without involving the communication department. The department should be central to all the activities of the companies, thus day-to-day activities of the organization should be facilitated by this very significant department. The department shall seek clarity from departmental heads on any vague information that reaches the communication department prior to the implementation. Together with the communication department and the structure establishment, there is a need to provide effective training of the staff, departmental heads and the staff in communication department on how to have an effective communication within and without the organization. The company should also establish a top-down and a bottom-up structure of communication, thus ensuring effective sharing of information a nd ensuring enhanced productivity. Finally, the company should outline the contact points for diversified issues as advised by Rogier (2010, p. 1). Implementation of the Solution Preparing a communication system structure and a communication department are quite demanding tasks. With the current status of the company, there is a need to start from the scratch, overriding the prevalent system and laying down a totally new and more effective structure. The most significant resources that are required for this noble duty are human resources. The people who should be entrusted with preparation of a communication structure should be in possession of enough experience on the necessary components of an effective communication structure. Among the major aspects that they should consider include the sources of information, the channels to be used, the stages the information should go through, the transmitter of the message, the signals usable and the feedback channel. Equally important in preparation of communication channel is the approach to be used in noise management. Shannon’s communication process model could be of great assistance in implementation of th is communication improvement system. The figure 1 below gives a more vivid explanation of this. Source: Foulger (2004). Models of the Communication Process. Link: http://davis.foulger.info/research/unifiedModelOfCommunication.htm Establishment of department of communication is a relatively expensive endeavor, especially if an organization needs a very effective communication of linking with both the internal and external world. Beside the need of competent human resource, there are some tools that the company has to purchase such as telephones connected with various sectors of the organization with provisions of loud speakers, especially because of emergencies, strategically placed boards for placing of memos, internet-connected computer systems to facilitate communication through emails and a website for both internal and more of external communication. The company is able to communicate with the external world using the website, thus enhancing marketing strategies. Outsourcing might be important to have external agencies establish a more solid communication department and structure. Emergency alarms should also be established to warm the staff during possible emergences. The communication department of an o rganization should be hidden or far placed for security reasons: If an enemy was to attack, he should start with the communication department to hold captive of the entire company, thus it should be highly protected. Solution’s Implementation Benefits Hinds and Keisler (1995) have observed that sharing of information across boundaries enhances collaboration and consequently production of the company. When employees share information on what they are doing or what they are thinking to day, the other employees as well as the management tend to also release the information, which sometimes acts as a great resource to the departments in question. This implies that all the people are able to work as a team, which enhances productivity of a company by significant degree. Having a modern form of technology will not only facilitate to improvement of the quality of communication but also the effectiveness of communication process will be enhanced. This implies that various department shall be able to work as one unit and consequently lead to enhanced productivity. Teamwork, which is facilitated by enhanced communication, shall propel the company to a position of better performance, thus becoming more productive. Among the most important aspects of communication is enhancing interpersonal relations (Bartoo Sias, 2004). With an effective structure and system of communication, the employees and the leaders shall be able to interact at a more personal level and more extensively leading to unity and consequent team works, which are very significant in enhancing a conducive workplace environment. As observed earlier, Broadways employees are relatively demoralized because of the company’s failure to communicate and encourage them often.

Reform of Human Resource Department in Ontario Public Services Essay

Reform of Human Resource Department in Ontario Public Services - Essay Example The report provides us with an insight that the human resource management can help in shaping the behavior of employee that is consistent with the organization’s reason for existence; purpose, mission and vision. The focus of this research was to shift from traditional HR to strategic HR. This shift from traditional to strategic human resource was to ensure the flexibility and innovation based on technology. Another focus of OPS was to focus on outsourcing that was to be limited only for those departments of the organization where the department needs motivated employees. Other departments in which the organization excels would be handled by the OPS. In this research paper the importance of human resource will be judged by conducting relevant analysis based on Ontario public services. The analysis is based on up-to-date data and models that would help to conclude regarding the progress of human resource management in Ontario public services. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW For an organiz ation to be successful and to respond to the challenges, the organization must bear high recruitment cost. This recruitment would help to accomplish the vision and mission and pursue the organizational excellence (Armstrong, 2009). For such purpose the OPS has developed a plan to focus on outsourcing which would help the OPS to reduce its recruitment cost and provide the organization with the best human resource available. This reduction in cost could be an opportunity for the OSP to use the capital in investing in other programs where the probability of return is greater than the others. According to the Equity theory, employees look for a balance between their input (hard work, loyalty, commitment, determination,... This essay provides relevant analysis of human resource management in Ontario public services and outlines the importance of human resource department in the OPS. The analysis is based on up-to-date data and models. The report provides us with an insight that the human resource management can help in shaping the behavior of employee that is consistent with the organization’s reason for existence; purpose, mission and vision. The shift from traditional to strategic human resource was made to ensure the flexibility and innovation based on technology. Another focus of OPS was to focus on outsourcing that was to be limited only for those departments of the organization where the department needs motivated employees. Other departments in which the organization excels would be handled by the OPS. In this essay the importance of human resource is judged by conducting relevant analysis based on Ontario public services. It could be concluded that OPS was successful in the implementation and change of HRM from traditional to strategic human resource. The shift from traditional to strategic HR is deemed successful by introducing the technology which reduced the efforts and time consumption in the organizations. OPS emphasized on the quality of human resource rather than the quantity of employees. Employees being the greatest resource of OPS, it had been given a special place in the public services. The employees are trained and developed to create competencies that would be helpful for the organizations in the future.

How to Develop Growth Strategies for Businesses Case Study

How to Develop Growth Strategies for Businesses - Case Study Example After having full knowledge about all these we have to develop strategies about taking advantage of existing customers. For this Kelly should not leave her established business and attract existing and loyal customers to her new restaurant by giving them some sort of incentives in terms of discounts and one dish offered. Better promotion policies should be used for the attraction of new customers. More focus should be on the quality of food items that the restaurant will offer. Talented and efficient employees are the asset of any organization but organizations also have the responsibility to develop the best working environment to take full advantage from these employees. The use of new technology is also required for the best quality and efficiency. 2. Business Form Kelly should start her new business as a limited liability company (LLC). Most of the costs for Sole proprietorship and sole LLC are the same but one fee is required (Anaejionu, 2012). When filing a certificate of formation for an LLC which is done through the secretary of state and its fee is not more than 300 dollars. There are many reasons to advice Kelly to run her restaurant as sole LLC. First of all, LLC provides limited liability if there are losses in business then creditors are limited to the assets of the business and they can not claim against personal assets of the owner. Through sole LLC Kelly will be able to issue new shares of stock to new owners in order to raise funds to grow business. But in the sole proprietorship, she is limited to take loans only from banks.

African Americans since 1865 Essay Example for Free

African Americans since 1865 Essay It happens to be common knowledge that throughout history African Americans have been oppressed, segregated, and disregarded as civil human beings. In the dawn of history Africans were regarded as animals and as such they would do the job of animals, however this paper will look at their sacrifices and fights to be treated as equals. The abolishment of slavery brought on a war, not between two countries but a war that divided a country, one that is still spoken of today. The southern or â€Å"rebel† states rose against the President of the United States in retaliation of his and many others view that no man woman or child should be a slave. All people were created equal. Africans in politics Although four million African American slaves were now free they had codes placed against them, the Black Codes restricted the lives and movement of these people. In order to override the codes the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments were drafted and passed. Not only was slavery abolished but all slaves were now citizens and in such race could no longer be used to prevent the vote of a person. Africans now had a voice on who was elected and soon they had African Americans running for government offices. Corbould, C. (2009) Becoming African Americans: Black Public Life in Harlem, 1919-1939 Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA, USA Harlem Renaissance African Americans soon were cast aside again, during the age of imperialism and leading into World War One Africans were struggling to make a life. Some fought in another war, this time not for their freedom but for the freedom from communism alongside their white counterparts. After the war ended blacks started to come together, the Harlem Renaissance was born. King, M. L. Jr. (2010) Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. Beacon Press. Boston, MA, USA Black power movement 1954 to 1963 America saw a strong struggle for the advancement of civil rights, equality and desegregation. From every day citizens expressing their belief in being equal to their white counterparts to lawyers fighting for the equality all had deserved. These times were pivitol in an unstable America. Not only were there these movements of civil equality and black power but also a war in a far land that many Americans were against at the time. Inventions and impact From writers, inventors and powerful leaders throughout black history there are some that are household names and some that may be forgotten. I plan on taking a look back on those who through oppression continued to strive for better for themselves and for all. African Americans today Not long ago segregation was prominent, civil rights were abused, racism and hate were common. Today we have CEO’s, congressmen and senators, military leaders and the President of the United States who are all African Americans. No longer considered a minority in many’s eyes, African Americans have literally built themselves from slaves to leaders and teachers.

Vouchers and School Choice - Opportunity for Success :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

School Choice: Opportunity for Success For some parents, education is highly valued and they can afford high tuition, so they send their children to the private school. Other parents spend more money to move into a community where has good schools. We can call the situations stated above "school choice". However, what we talk here is not the "school choice"; there is another kind of school choice, which all parents can make and do not need to spend more money to move into another community. Generally speaking, children from the high SES family have better opportunities to get appropriate education and succeed in the society. On the other hand, children from the low SES family often face many difficulties in the educational process because of the financial problem and might get less support from their families. Therefore, in my opinion, this is the group that the government need to take care of. We need to provide children from the low SES family with opportunities as much as possible to help them succeed in the school and the society. One of the opportunities we can provide for those children is school choice. Some people argue that they pay high tax to provide quality education for their children, and others do not have the right to share with it. If we follow the system thinking, this belief is a fallacy because we can not separate one from others in a system. In the long run, school choice can create success for children from the low SES family. In other words, if we can help those children succeed in the school and society, they will produce less problems to the society, and we can build up a better environment for everyone. Furthermore, though people pay high tax, they still share the limited resources of the society and the country; they do not pay all what they should pay. There are the rich and poor in the society, and it somehow creates positive and negative cycles. That is, the rich can get better education and have good opportunities to succeed in the society. Vouchers and School Choice - Opportunity for Success :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics School Choice: Opportunity for Success For some parents, education is highly valued and they can afford high tuition, so they send their children to the private school. Other parents spend more money to move into a community where has good schools. We can call the situations stated above "school choice". However, what we talk here is not the "school choice"; there is another kind of school choice, which all parents can make and do not need to spend more money to move into another community. Generally speaking, children from the high SES family have better opportunities to get appropriate education and succeed in the society. On the other hand, children from the low SES family often face many difficulties in the educational process because of the financial problem and might get less support from their families. Therefore, in my opinion, this is the group that the government need to take care of. We need to provide children from the low SES family with opportunities as much as possible to help them succeed in the school and the society. One of the opportunities we can provide for those children is school choice. Some people argue that they pay high tax to provide quality education for their children, and others do not have the right to share with it. If we follow the system thinking, this belief is a fallacy because we can not separate one from others in a system. In the long run, school choice can create success for children from the low SES family. In other words, if we can help those children succeed in the school and society, they will produce less problems to the society, and we can build up a better environment for everyone. Furthermore, though people pay high tax, they still share the limited resources of the society and the country; they do not pay all what they should pay. There are the rich and poor in the society, and it somehow creates positive and negative cycles. That is, the rich can get better education and have good opportunities to succeed in the society.

Before Breakfast

O’Neill, the master playwright, portrays strong, interesting characters with equally strong emotions in his plays. His play, ‘Before Breakfast’, deals with an exasperated woman confronting her husband’s joblessness and infidelity.This is a short play in the form of a monologue by the woman, Mrs. Rowland. Mrs. Rowland jabbers all through the play expressing desperation, anger, agony, and sheer disgust at her husband, Alfred’s penniless nature. Her full-throttled criticisation of Alfred’s ways leads to the denouement of the play—Alfred’s suicide. Character analysis of Mrs.Rowland The description of Mrs. Rowland’s small house in the beginning of the play portrays poverty. Mrs. Rowland wakes up tired and bitter. Her irritation is so intense that she goes to the extent of damning her apron whose strings refuse to oblige her in knotting up. In fact, the very first word that Mrs. Rowland speaks in the novel is â€Å"Damn†. It is from here that her character builds up. It was a fine day, â€Å"It is about eight-thirty in the morning of a fine, sunshiny day in the early fall,† but ironically did not seem to have any effect on Mrs. Rowland’s temper.Her demeanor is not at all pleasing, her hair is stuck up in a â€Å"drab colored mass†, her â€Å"shapeless stoutness accentuated by her formless blue dress† which is also â€Å"shabby and worn† speak volumes about her. This is hardly expected of a young woman in her early twenties. Even as her ranting of Alfred begins, we understand that she is definitely not the timid type of woman. She rebukes him in the most unrestrained manner. She had been working not just for one, but for both the people in the family. She had been contributing to the family in whatever small means she can.While he had been whiling away his time in poetry and in ‘playing the gentleman and loafing around barrooms with that good-for-nothing lot o f artists from the Square’, she had been working very hard. Even as Mrs. Rowland does regular household work like sweeping and cleaning, she doesn’t fail to rebuke him for dropping cigarette butts and ashes all over the floor. Her attitude borders on feminism advocating her opinion on the ground of equality of sexes. Why she only borders on feminism is because she does the job and doesn’t necessarily hand him over the broom to sweep the floor.This point is further accentuated when she tells him that she was making coffee for both. Yet to show her protest in some manner, she tells him that she wasn’t going to wait for him. Mrs. Rowland’s frustration towards his lackadaisical manner is so severe that she complains loudly of everything he does. Is she taking advantage of Alfred’s silence? She only seems capable of complaining, without having any effect on Alfred’s attitude or manner. Mrs. Rowland had developed a profound hatred towards h er husband. She suspects him of infidelity and hence stealthily searches his pockets for some kind of evidence.She pockets the letter from one ‘Helen’ addressed to her husband to later on pick a quarrel with him on that. She vociferously defends this act of hers by telling Alfred that she was his wife and hence had every right to read his letters. While she constantly voices her rights as an equal, the lines, â€Å"How about Helen? (She starts back from the doorway, half frightened)† show that she isn’t such a bold woman as she projects herself to be. Mrs. Rowland shows utmost contempt for her husband. She calls him a fool to have pawned the watch, calls him lazy to stay in bed all the time, and calls him incapable of getting a job for himself.She tells him that all he does is write â€Å"silly† poetries and short stories all day which â€Å"no one will buy†. She is quite proud of her capabilities when she says that, â€Å"I notice I can alw ays get a position, such as it is; and it's only that which keeps us from starving to death. † Well, well, is this what is ‘woman power’? It makes us wonder if Alfred were to respond to any of her remarks or if he were to shout back at her for being so loud, will she have continued in this manner? She would have, since she refers to the fight that they have had the previous night where Alfred made a â€Å"beast† of himself.She simply cannot forgive him for pawning things for survival. The last precious thing that they had was the watch, which too seems to have been pawned for a drink. Mrs. Rowland’s bitterness and disappointment is sometimes justified since Mr. Rowland was actually â€Å"the millionaire Rowland's only son, the Harvard graduate, the poet, the catch of the town†. Her position as his wife should actually had been an enviable one. By being an alcoholic and by possessing an unwilling attitude to work, he became a penniless wastrel. He had impregnated and married her before their child was stillborn.Added on to her feeling of betrayal is his infidelity. Mrs. Rowland is unperturbed by her husband’s stern and severe looks. She carries on and tells him that he cannot bully her with his â€Å"superior airs†. She reminds him that but for her he would be going without breakfast in the morning. She tries to win his pity when she speaks of her headache and the deplorable condition in which has to sew to earn their bread. She tries all possible means to provoke his pity and to make him seek a job. The rent for the house was due and there was nothing left for lunch.She doesn’t mince words in asking him to look out for a job: â€Å"Are you going to look for a job today or aren't you? † Despite all her bickering, when she sees blood in Mr. Rowland’s face the first time, she asks him to wipe the blood off his face and tells him to go to a barber’s shop for a shave since she found h is hands shaking heavily. This shows her concern for Alfred. She even warns him that one of these days he was going to cut himself seriously. But she is too preoccupied with her own taunts that she doesn’t catch the seriousness of the situation that ends in such a great tragedy.All through the play Alfred never makes an appearance. It is only through the eyes of Mrs. Rowland that we get to know the person. The plot, the action, the conflict all revolve around her. The plot brings out the strong conflict which Mrs. Rowland is confronted with. Though she complains a lot and beseeches Mr. Rowland to be more responsible, she takes things in her stride and carries on with her daily chores. The play strongly evokes emotions of pity and horror. All her calls of Alfred contributing to the family in some manner or the other seem to fall in deaf ears.In referring to Mr. Rowland’s affair with Helen, Mrs. Rowland threatens him telling that she would never divorce him. She gets vin dictive for all the injuries that he inflicted on her. She understands her rights as a woman very well. She knows that unless she agrees to the divorce, it can never happen. And, unless they divorce, he can never dream of marrying another woman. Conclusion Alfred is a sensitive man who commits suicide on being discovered by his wife about his extramarital affair. Comparatively Mrs. Rowland bears it all with much forbearing.Life had been much more difficult on her. She was the daughter of a mere grocer, she had become pregnant even before she could be married, despite marrying a man with some wealth to name she had to put up with poverty. In a way, it can be said that her strength of forbearance comes from her simple background. On the other hand, Mr. Rowland had been the only son of a millionaire father. Yet, when his father died, he should have been mortified to find that all that he was left with was a large amount of debt to be repaid. His faith should have been shaken with this. He had been personally proud of his position in society. As Mrs. Rowland once comments, â€Å"You were ashamed of me with your fine friends because my father's only a grocer, that's what you were. † Yet he had to marry her because of the slight he committed on her before their marriage. Mrs. Rowland never hesitates to fight for her rights. Within the portals of family life and considering her limitations, she voices her opinions and demands. This gives her the identity of a feminist. Her feminism raised its head mainly due to Mr. Rowland’s inability to provide her with the ba